Emergence of cosmic space with Barrow entropy, in non-equilibrium thermodynamic conditions

Recently, Barrow proposed a modified area-entropy relation S=(A/A0)1+Δ/2, where the exponent Δ, ranges 0≤Δ≤1, by taking account of quantum gravitational deformation effects to black hole’s surface. In recent literature, this horizon entropy has been adopted cosmological context. Following this, we obtained law emergence, which describes dynamics universe, with in context equilibrium thermodynamics (unified first and Clausius relation). However, when considering (a non-Bekenstein entropy), an additional generation arises owing non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The corresponding field equation bears effective coupling strength, connects geometry energy–momentum tensor. We derived emergence using description thermodynamic principle, accounts for addition production term. compared it that description. addition, checked consistency maximization. Interestingly, found rate decreases gradually, universe evolves state maximum de Sitter epoch.